The SPX has already pulled back 5% twice in 2025
Before yesterday’s tariff-fueled selloff, the S&P 500 Index (SPX) had already pulled back 5% from its mid-February all-time high. Sentiment surveys, such as the latest American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) poll, indicate investors are getting nervous. Is their concern justified? This week, I’m analyzing historical 5% pullbacks to see if it’s a threshold that increases the likelihood of a larger decline. I’m examining pullbacks from a few angles to see if we can gain insights into where we go from here.
Stocks After 5% Pullbacks
For the data below, I went back to 1950 and found each time the SPX fell 5% after reaching an all-time high. In the 30 days after the initial pullback, the SPX averaged a return of 1.9%, with 74% of the returns positive. The second table shows the typical one month returns since 1950 for the SPX was 0.75%, with 62% of the returns positive. From the table below, it indicates 5% pullbacks have been good short-term buying opportunities.
The returns over the next year, however, show slight underperformance. The last row of the table shows the percentage of time a new high was reached in the timeframe. So, 32% of the time, the SPX hit a new high in the next month. 68% of the time, a new high was reached within three months. One interesting statistic is that after the index pulled back 5%, there was a 65% likelihood of seeing a new high before seeing the pullback reached the correction level of 10%.

This is already the second 5% pullback of 2025. The SPX also experienced a 5% loss from a mid-January high. This made me curious if the second pullback of 5% within a short period meant anything different. The table below summarizes the data following the second pullback within a three-month period. The returns out to six months weren’t much different from the returns after a general 5% pullback.
The main difference is in the 12-month return column. In the year after these second 5% pullbacks, there’s more underperformance. The SPX averaged a return of 6.4% over the next year with 63% of the returns positive. The table above shows the typical 12-month return after a pullback was 8.3% with 70% of the returns positive. In the 30 times the SPX had a second 5% pullback within three months, 67% of the time, the index reached a new high before correction territory.

Stocks After 10% Pullbacks
For future reference (and hopefully, not near future), the table below shows how the SPX has performed in the aftermath of a 10% pullback which is often referred to as correction territory. The second table below shows the typical returns for comparison (it’s the same table we saw earlier). Just like with 5% returns, this does not seem to be a tipping point where things get significantly scarier.
Also, just like with the 5% pullback data, the short-term returns tended to outperform compared to normal market returns then the one-year returns slightly underperformed. However, in the case of a 10% pullback, it was basically a coinflip whether you see a new high next or a 20% loss from the high which is considered a recession. Specifically, 15 out of 29 times a new high was reached before the 20% pullback level was reached.
